In a recent article published in the journal Advanced Science, researchers presented a novel Multi-Sensor Origami Platform (MSOP) that integrates multiple sensors into a customizable origami structure, allowing for precise monitoring of biological processes in three-dimensional (3D) models. The MSOP aims to enhance the functionality of bio-printed tissues by enabling real-time data collection on cellular activities, thereby facilitating a deeper understanding of tissue dynamics and interactions.
Study: Multi-Sensor Origami Platform: A customizable system for obtaining spatiotemporally precise functional readouts in 3D models. Image Credit: luchschenF/Shutterstock.com
Background
The advancement of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has led to the development of sophisticated in vitro models that closely mimic the complexity of human tissues. Traditional methods often fall short in providing the necessary spatial and temporal resolution for functional readouts, particularly in the context of neurovascular units.
The need for advanced in vitro models arises from the limitations of conventional two-dimensional cell cultures, which fail to replicate the intricate architecture and microenvironment of native tissues. The neurovascular unit, comprising neurons, glial cells, and endothelial cells, plays a crucial role in brain function and health.
Understanding the interactions within this unit is essential for developing therapies for neurological disorders. Previous attempts to study these interactions have been hindered by the lack of suitable platforms that allow for simultaneous monitoring of multiple parameters. The MSOP addresses this gap by providing a flexible and customizable system that can be tailored to specific experimental needs, thus offering a more accurate representation of in vivo conditions.
The Current Study
The MSOP was developed through a systematic process that involved the design, fabrication, and integration of sensing components. The initial design phase utilized SolidWorks 3D CAD software to create a customizable origami structure capable of accommodating various sensor types while ensuring precise positioning. This platform was engineered to fold around a separately fabricated 3D bioprinted tissue model, optimizing sensor placement without disrupting the bioprinting process.
For the bioprinting of tissue models, a BIO-X printer was employed, using two distinct bioinks to create a neurovascular unit model. The bioinks were carefully chosen to support the growth of cortical neurons and human brain endothelial cells, effectively replicating the cellular composition of the blood-brain barrier. These printed structures were encapsulated within a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) frame, providing structural integrity and facilitating the integration of the origami platform.
The MSOP incorporated two types of electrodes: a 3D multielectrode array (MEA) for recording electrophysiological activity and impedance-based electrodes configured in a tetrapolar arrangement to assess tissue barrier function. These electrodes were embedded within the origami structure to ensure direct contact with the bioprinted tissues. Once assembled, the platform was connected to a commercial data acquisition system, enabling real-time monitoring of neuronal activity and endothelial barrier properties.
Results and Discussion
The performance of the MSOP was evaluated through a series of experiments aimed at assessing its functionality and effectiveness in capturing spatiotemporal data. The results demonstrated that the platform successfully recorded neuronal electrical activity in real time, providing insights into the dynamic interactions within the neurovascular unit.
The integration of sensors allowed for the simultaneous monitoring of multiple parameters, such as calcium signaling and electrical impulses, which are critical for understanding cellular communication and function. Additionally, the customizable nature of the MSOP enabled researchers to adapt the platform for various experimental conditions, making it a versatile tool for studying different aspects of tissue behavior.
The ability to monitor cellular activities in a 3D environment represents a significant advancement over traditional methods, which often rely on static measurements. The MSOP not only enhances the understanding of neurovascular interactions but also opens new avenues for drug testing and the development of therapeutic strategies. By providing a more accurate representation of in vivo conditions, the platform has the potential to improve the predictive power of preclinical studies, ultimately leading to better outcomes in clinical settings.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the MSOP represents a significant innovation in the field of tissue engineering and in vitro modeling. By integrating the principles of origami with advanced sensor technology, the MSOP provides a customizable and versatile system capable of delivering precise functional readouts from 3D tissue models.
The platform's successful demonstration of real-time monitoring of neuronal electrical activity and other cellular parameters highlights its potential to revolutionize research in neuroscience and regenerative medicine. As the need for more sophisticated in vitro models continues to grow, the MSOP emerges as a promising solution that can enhance our understanding of complex biological processes and contribute to the development of effective therapies for a wide range of diseases.
Looking ahead, future research will aim to optimize the platform further and explore its applications across different tissue types and disease models. These efforts are expected to drive significant advancements in personalized medicine and targeted therapies, solidifying the MSOP's role as a key tool in the ongoing quest to better understand and treat human diseases.
Journal Reference
Rahav N., Ashery U., et al. (2024). Multi-Sensor Origami Platform: A customizable system for obtaining spatiotemporally precise functional readouts in 3D models. Advanced Science 11, 2305555. DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305555, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/advs.202305555